tired n exhausted

This month(May), I`m just go to site and doing measurement for TFR and soil resistivity regarding Pn Nurul@my mentor project that must be done quickly and must submit to her department so I`m not always sit in the office.

sites visit at kelantan and kedah

I with the technician going to kelantan and kedah to visit and check moisture sensor and lightning sensor last week.



-moisture sensor-



-lightning sensor-



-lightning sensor connection to collect the data-

at the office doing things....

work,



work



and ....

3rd week(thursday and friday)

me with my technician and engineer go to Ipoh to check our sensor having problem. We spend 1 night at Ipoh and at Friday we continue to fix it and finally it was done.

3rd week

just go to BTRK-ATWR at Kuala Kubu Baru doing TFR and soil resisitivity measurement with TNB`s region from HQ at Bangsar. We helping them because their engineer having presentation about that transmission and need data to show it.

2nd week internship

for this week i`m goiong to pahang to visit 7 tower doing resistivity measurement and will come back at friday or saturday..i will enjoy my work trip this week..:)

5th day(late update)

just visit tower 184 near Pulau Pangkor doing measurement in soil resistivity anf Fall of Potential going back at 5.30pm

evaluation study on the effectiveness of the new proposed transmission tower earthing design under various soil conditions

Lightning is the primary cause trippings on overhead transmission lines in TNB. There have been incidents where faults occurred on transmission lines with tower footing resistance values below the TNB-specified limits (10ohm for 132kV and 275kV towers). Base from this problem, study and understand the dynamic behaviors and performance of transmission tower earthing system under the high frequency and transient conditions. This knowledge used in an effort to reduce faults on the transmission lines due to lighting. The design of tower earthing were modeled in and simulated using the Current Distribution, Electromagnetic, Grounding and Soil Analysis (CDEGS) software. The designs are to radial electrodes routed at different directions and electrodes arranged in a mesh configuration, with and without vertical electrodes.
For each design, the impedance remained constant for frequencies between 50H and up to 1kHz and 10kHz. Above these frequencies and up to 1MHz, the impedances increased at different rates depending on the design. At 50Hz and up to 50kHz, radial electrodes which cover larger lateral distance or area of the soil yielded the lower impedance value. Above these frequencies, the meshed electrodes concentrated and localized around the tower yielded lower impedance value. These radials electrodes coupled with vertical electrodes localized at the area immediate to the tower is the most effective design for both and low frequency, including the power frequency and lightning frequency. This design has fast current discharge and dissipation time an evident during the actual impulse testing at the study site.
For the tow-layer soil with the lower soil resistivity at the lower layer, the vertical electrodes are best to be driven to reach the lower layer. However, for soil with the lower resistivity at the upper layer, the vertical electrode depth to be kept to within the depth of the upper layer.
Key research elements are summarized below:
• Research on the effectiveness of present TNB tower earthing design in dissipating lightning direct into ground
• Research on the effectiveness on the new proposed tower earthing design in dissipating lightning direct into ground
• Research on the effect of different type of soil for lightning current dissipation
• Research on the best or mist appropriate tower earthing design to mitigate lightning induced faults on transmission lines

SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT
Soil resistivity is a material with a low resistivity will behave as a “good conductor” and one with high resistivity will behave as a “bad conductor”. The resistance (R) of the conductor, can be derived from the resistivity as:
R=ρL/A
Where ρ Resistivity(Ω-m) of the conductor material
L length of the conductor (m)
A Cross sectional area (m2)

The importances of soil resistivity measurement are:
Such data re used to make sub-surface geophysical surveys as an aid in identifying ore location, depth to bedrock and other geological phenomena
Resistivity has direct impact on the degree of corrosion in underground pipelines.
Soil resistivity directly affects the design of a grounding system
Factors affecting soil resistivity
Type of earth
Stratification
Moisture content
Temperature
Chemical/salt composition
Presence of metal
Topography

Measurement of soil resistivity
A four-terminal earth tester is required, equipped with four short test rods and connecting leads. The leads should be mounted on reels for easy run-out and recovery. The calibration of the instrument should be checked before taking any readings. Before carrying out an testing, checks should be made both from cable records, and using above-ground detection equipment, for the presence of any buried cables, earth conductors or metal pipe work. These would adversely affect the accuracy of the readings taken, particularly if they are parallel to the measurement traverse.
The traverse locations chosen should be:
Away from existing cables, earth conductors or pipes
Not close and parallel to the overhead line route. The traverse should be ideally at 90° to the lie but no less than 45°. If they must be in parallel, then a separation of 20m or more from line is preferable to avoid induction affecting the results


Figure shows the general measurement arrangement. The four earth rods should be driven into the ground in a straight line, at a distance “a” meters apart and driven to a depth of “d” meters. The suggested dimensions are given in Table.
Spacing (m) Rod depth (m)
1.0 0.05
1.5 0.05
2.0 0.05
3.0 0.10
4.5 0.10
6.0 0.10
9.0 0.15
13.5 0.15
18.0 0.15

The four rods should be connected to the tester with outer rods connected to the C-1 and C-2 terminals, and the inner rods to the P-1 and P-2 terminals.
When the instrument is switched on, there will be an apparent resistance reading in the meter, which is “R” ohms. The meter should be left on to allow the built in filters to operate and the value after about 30 seconds should be fairly constants. The apparent soil resistivity (ρ) is then given by 2πaR Ωm.


Measurement interpretation
For application of power engineering – two layer equivalent model is accurate enough without being mathematically too involved. The measured apparent resistivity is plotted against the electrode spacing. The resulting curve indicates the soil structure. Software available fot simulation is CDEGS-RESAP modules.

EARTHING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Earthing resistance is ohmic resistance between the earthing electrode and a remote earthing electrode of zero resistance. The importances of measurement are:
• To confirm design value – erathing system design
• To asses existing earthing system (substation/towers)
I. Measuring earthing resistance using Fall of Potential Method (FOP)
These measures involve measurement of voltages. R(R=V/I) as function of distance of voltage probe. Apparent R is R at the flat region of the curve. To obtain reliable results, the flat region must be clearly established, else other methods of interpretation shall be used. Required large electrode spacing (rule-of-thumb 5-10x (min.) the size of the grounding system)

II. Measurement interpretation
61.8% Rule
The apparent resistance is the resistance at the 61.8% of the distance between the earth under test and the current probe. Assumptions of FOP and 61.8% rule:
• Adequate probe distances
• Homogeneous soil (resistivity)
• Identical electrodes
Main advantages is P and I electrode can have substantially high R will not affect the accuracy.


Fault Lightning Analysis and Lightning Location System (FALLS)
The Fault Lightning Analysis and Lightning Location System (FALLS) software is a tool for studying the relationship between lightning events and the geographical reference asset. This program used to design maintenance, power quality and restoration, the ability to quickly and easily perform fault correlations on an event-by-event basis, obtain statistics concerning the number of lightning events or magnitudes for design, and evaluate lightning challenges to a line or area for input to maintenance prioritization.
Lightning Detection Lab (LDS) in TNB Research using this software to generate the lightning map for regional or exposure analysis to upgraded the performance of transmission because lightning is the primary cause of trappings on overhead transmission lines in TNB.

hot and cold

Yesterday, our research team doing trip at Tanjung Malin tower doing measurement in soil resistevity and fall of potential regarding our research project. Going trip is fun but to measure for 1 tower take hour and half to complete it and the weather is very hot. We going 3 tower and come back to TNB reseach at 7pm.

outstation

I`m waering jeans and t-shirt from home, feel like not doing practical today. At 9 am, I with technician, supervisor and engineer go out to serdang tower doing measurement about soil resistivitity and fall of potential. Today was tired because weather at outside was hot but I very satisfied what I`m doing because don`t feel sleepy working in office. Supposely we must visit 3 tower today, but according to my techncian another 2 tower was using so we only visit 1 tower today.

After 11am, we back from tower and relax by eat cendol and ABC outside UNITEN also chatting with other research member. Then we going back to TNB Reseach. At afternoon, I`m planning to complete my work at office and doing some reseach about our project.

1st and 2nd day intership atTNB research..haha

Yesterday is 1st day doing my practical at TNB research. I`m doing well at it and having fun and excited feel. My mentor, Pn Azlina very kind and funny and also rock because treat me like her brother. In morning having meeting with my team member and they also cool and very kind. At the meeting, i finally know that my research have outstation to go sites doing our research thing about improving transmission lineand make me more excited and happy because having travel. After lunch, technician teach me about LTS and FALLS programing that used in our research. I also get a proposal from my mentor to know about the project and I have to study it.

Today,I go to ILSAS having training from my mentor,Pn Azlina and her team project Pn Noradlina with TNB worker. I have training about Earthing Resistance Measurement and Soil Resistivity Measurement and got lot experience because many of TNB worker having so much idea n question that can share wit our class. At afternoon we having practical at TNB reaseach

final exam

mmg xdinafikan la kan...aku mmg xdulik pasal final exam ni..nak post bnde alah ni pn nak tgok jadual je xde nak cite pasal final exam...hahhaa

tapi bdk2 sume bertungkus lumus la skrng tapi aku rase mlas plak nak study...dari ari 2 rase nak tgok muvie je..nmpak sgat aku dalam kebosanan...

pepe pn aku tgu rabu mgu dpn...siap sedia nak party bogel kat umah ni..DIDI@FAHMi
telah meng volunteer kan diri menjadi penari bogel...haha..bdk2 umh aku xleh join sbb drng abis exam lambat...pdn mke korang...so sape yg abis exam awal disarankan meyertai parti bogel in dan acaranya bermula

date :31/3/2010
time :lpas zohor
venue :kampung bakar baginda

p/s:bawak makanan...mkanan xdisediakan...haha

love this song+addict...hahaha

lagu yang membuatkan jiwaku tersentuh,syahdu,menangis...huhuhu...selamat menonton..

tengkiu...tengkiu

terima kasih la kepada rakan2 telah mengundi saya didalam poll yg tlah saya buat...mmg tidak dapat dinafikan saya ni mmg baik hati, berbudi pekerti, suka menolong org, bertanggungjawab dan mempunyai sifat2 mahmudah yg diketahui ramai.

picture diatas menunjukkan kebaikan saya lagi terserlah kerana mengandungi nilai2 murni yang membuat kan anda touching serta berkobar-kobar untuk insaf dan tidak akan bermain lagi pada masa hadapan..haha

saya SHAM IZZAIDI B MD ALI amat terharu denagan vote yang korang buat...walaupun ada sestengah pengundi mengatakan saya jahat tetapi saya mengambil kira sebagai undi hantu kerana mereka tersebut mempunyai nilai2 mazmumah iaitu busuk hati dan jealous terhadap saya..muahahahaha..

ok la cukup la merepek kat sni panjang2..haha..nak sambung wat project..da siap ke NAN buat 2...mcm biasa bagi la ikan aku 2 makan...nanti da besar aku nak wat BBQ..huhuhu
p/s: terima kasih kepada encik BALI kerana sudi menjadi hamba@follower saya..sebagai tanda penghargaan tuan kepada hambanya encik BALI dikurniakan hadiah iaitu akan dimerdekakan selepas 20 tahun..so sesiapa jadi lah hamba@follower saya kerana mempunyai banyak kebaikan.hahahahhaa...

study mmg menyeronokkan :D

xtaw la,rase mcm nak tulis something..hahaha..now,encik jepun berada di sebelah aku dan suruh ajar die power system n control project,tapi byk plak cekadak die nak complain keje aku..mcm la aku peduli sbb aku da lpas da subject 2 sem lpas..hahaha..da la esok exam tah ape la aku bace..xphm...bengang lak aku..pas2 jpon ajak aku tgok muvi..mmg layan jela pas2 tegelak mcm org gile ngn die..hahhaa

ok aku nak cite pasal internship..atlast dapat gak aku company iaitu Malaysian Institute Nuclear Technology iaitu dengan panggilan manjenya MINT..tapi anda jgn tertipu dgn namanya kerana ia merupakan sebuah company government n seperti anda ketahui elaun mmg aku xdapat la...adoi xkan nak makan pasir kot 3 bulan..siot tol..xpe tgah tgu company lain..SONY call la aku(dengan teriakan di dalam hati, xleh kuat2 nanti bdk2 ni ckp aku gile walaupun aku ni gila2 jEPON sbenarnya..hehe)

k la xtaw da nak merepek ape..aku nak cow dulu sambung study wlpun xphm..haha..go LIVERPOOL..tibe2??..haha..k la mcm biasa la kasi la ikan aku 2 mkan..drng kebulur 2...n jgn lupe VOTE saya ek...ok chow dlu...

internship

mmg tidak dapat dinafikan aku akan membuat blog padahal aku xske buat bnde alah ni tapi nak wat camne disebabkan internship ni aku kena la wat..bak kata muiz lpas ni blog ni jadi bini ke 3 aku wlpun aku xtaw pela die merepek mcm org gile...

ok la..seperti anda sedia taw wlpun aku telah mwmbuat blog untuk intership tapi aku blum lagi mendapat internship..haha..aku pn xtaw nape padahal final nak dekat dah..bdak2 lain ramai da dapat...mane xberbulu aku..

aku update menantang ni pun sbb bdk2 umh da hangat da buat blog mcam ayam panggang yang dicampuk sedikit bulu ayam n taik ayam...nape nama ayam kuar pn aku xtaw mungkin ade kene mngena ngn bdk umah aku..hhaha...kehangatan membuat blog kian terasa apabila budak2 ni menjadi gila kerana telah membuat "trademark" kepada pembuat blog seperti diketahui muiz ngn blog "pagi bersama kopi"(kalo xsilap aku la) n encik jepon dengan blognya "gila gila jepun"

kepada budak2 baru masuk tgok blog ni, kalo ade blog jangan segan2 jadi hamba aku@follower..byak skit member aku..haha

k la..chow dulu..ada mase update lagi..jgn lupe kasi ikan aku makan taw..aku nak bela babi kat blog aku..tapi carik2 xde la plak...